中国正面临越来越大的国际压力，要求其开始让人民币升值。周四，20国集团(G20)财长和央行行长将在华盛顿举行重要会议。
印度央行和巴西央行行长都提出了人民币需要升值的理由，这是两国官员迄今在这个问题上发表的最强烈声明。
尽管近几个月来，中国面临的大部分公开压力来自奥巴马(Obama)政府和美国议员，但印度和巴西官员的言论突显出，其它国家的政府也对中国在本国经济快速扩张之际还在施行事实上盯住美元的汇率政策感到失望。
巴西央行行长恩里克•梅雷莱斯(Henrique Meirelles)表示，更强势的人民币“对于世界经济达到均衡是绝对关键的”。
他补充说：“目前全球市场上存在一些扭曲。其中一个是增长不足，另一个是中国。”
与此同时，印度央行行长苏巴拉奥(Duvvuri Subbarao)表示，人民币汇率被低估，正给包括印度在内的其它国家带来负担。
“如果中国让[人民币]升值，那将对我们的对外部门产生正面影响，”苏巴拉奥表示。“如果某些国家管理它们的汇率、人为压低汇率，那么调整的负担就会落在一些不那么积极管理汇率的国家身上。”
上周，新加坡总理李显龙(Lee Hsien Loong)表示，让人民币升值符合中国的利益。
“既然现在危机已经结束，为中国自己打算，提高汇率灵活性，避免与美国乃至其它全球合作伙伴摊牌，真的符合中国自己的利益，”他表示。
国际上对中国的批评增强之际，北京方面与奥巴马政府在这个问题上却处于相对平静状态。不少美国官员和外汇分析师的假定是，中国已经决定在今后几个月放弃盯住美元政策，尽管政策变化的准确时机仍不清楚。
在此之前，北京方面的汇率政策在近几个月很少受到发展中国家的公开批评，即便其中不少国家的货币汇率大幅上升。这里面的一部分原因是，中国经济在过去一年快速复苏，大幅提振了其它国家的出口，尤其是中国的亚洲邻国和巴西这样的大宗商品生产国。
译者/和风
http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001032319
China is facing growing international pressure to begin appreciating its currency ahead of an important meeting of finance ministers and central bank heads from the G20 countries which starts on Thursday in Washington.
The Indian and Brazilian central bank presidents have made the strongest statements yet by officials from their countries about the case for a stronger Chinese currency.
While most of the public pressure on China in recent months has come from the Obama administration and US legislators, the comments underline that other governments are frustrated with China's policy of operating a de facto currency peg with the US dollar even as its economy expands at a rapid rate.
Henrique Meirelles, head of the Brazilian central bank, said a stronger Chinese currency was “absolutely critical for the equilibrium of the world economy”.
He added: “There are some distortions in world markets. One of them is a lack of growth and another is China.”
Meanwhile, Duvvuri Subbarao, governor of the Reserve Bank of India, said an undervalued renminbi was imposing costs on other countries, including India.
“If China revalues [the renminbi], it will have a positive impact on our external sector,” Mr Subbarao said. “If some countries manage their exchange rates and keep them artificially low, the burden of adjustment falls on some countries that do not manage their exchange rate so actively.”
Last week, Lee Hsien Loong, prime minister of Singapore, said it was in China's interest to strengthen its currency.
“Now that the crisis is over, it is really in China's own interests, for its own calculations, to have greater flexibility in its exchange rate, and to avoid a showdown, not just with America, but really with all the rest of its global partners,” he said.
The increase in international criticism of China comes at a time of relative calm between Beijing and the Obama administration over the issue. The assumption among many US officials and currency analysts is that China has already decided to abandon its peg with the US dollar over the next few months, although the exact timing of any change in policy is still unclear.
Beijing's currency policy had come in for little public criticism in recent months from developing nations even though many have seen their currencies appreciate sharply, in part because the swift recovery in China's economy over the last year has provided a huge boost to exports that has been felt especially strongly among its neighbours in Asia and commodity producers such as Brazil.
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