美
方透露，美国总统奥巴马(Barack Obama)和中国国家主席胡锦涛在核安全峰会首日会面时，双方同意因伊朗核计划而加强对该国的压力。但对于怎样具体实施这种压力，两国之间似乎存在分歧。奥巴马政府希望于数日之后在联合国推动对伊朗的制裁。两国元首称，他们已指示各自的政府就可能因伊朗核计划而实施的制裁同对方政府合作。
Associated Press
奥巴马与出席核安全峰会的胡锦涛会面
但作为伊朗最大能源消费国的中国仍然不太情愿。核安全峰会中国代表团发言人马朝旭更加强调了外交解决而不是惩罚措施。马朝旭说，中国希望多方继续加强外交努力，通过对话与谈判积极寻求解决伊朗核问题的有效办法。
他没有提及制裁，但表示中国政府将在联合国并通过其他渠道，同负责协商制定制裁措施的几个国家保持协商与合作。这些国家包括联合国安全理事会(Security Council)五个常任理事国，外加德国。
此次是奥巴马和胡锦涛第四次会面，时逢一个尤为敏感的时刻。在全球召开的第一次核安全峰会上，47国首脑齐聚一堂。峰会是为了保证核武器和核材料的安全，防止它们落入流氓国家和恐怖分子手中。白宫周一宣布，乌克兰已同意处理掉至少200磅、足以造出数枚核武器的高浓缩铀。白宫称，这是一个里程碑式的决定。
白宫发言人吉布斯(Robert Gibbs)说，这批铀将在2012年下次核安全峰会召开之前被运往更为安全的地点，有可能是俄罗斯和美国，其中很大一部分将在今年运走。
白宫反恐负责人布瑞南(John Brennan)表示，有确凿证据表明，数十个恐怖主义团体曾经积极地寻找某种具有大规模杀伤效应的武器。
他说，核武器是这些团体追求的最终目标，它们为核武器开出的价码最高。
上述宣告内容的背后，潜台词仍然是伊朗。
美国及其盟国要求德黑兰在去年12月31日前对此外交建议做出回应。副国家安全事务助理罗兹（Ben Rhodes）说，由于最后期限已过，奥巴马政府希望在几周内在联合国提出对伊朗实施一系列制裁。
但作为联合国安理会常任理事国之一，中国拥有否决权。
由于中国继续让人民币汇率盯住美元，导致人民币人为地保持在大多数经济学家认为较低的水平，因此美国国会施压，要求财政部长盖特纳(Timothy Geithner)宣布中国为汇率操纵国。此举使伊朗问题变得更为复杂。
中国的汇率政策降低了中国向美国出口商品的成本，抬高了美国出口商品的价格。
有关中国汇率政策的年度报告原定于此次峰会之后公布。由于担心会导致令人尴尬的争议，盖特纳推迟了公布时间。
巴德尔称，奥巴马与胡锦涛会面期间曾简要地谈到了汇率问题，当时奥巴马重申中国应采取更市场化的汇率。
这一温和的处理方式使中美关系变暖。
马朝旭在声明中强调"良好的中美关系符合两国的共同利益。"
奥巴马于下午3:30停止了一个半小时的会谈，向上周在西弗吉尼亚州和中国死亡的矿工默哀。
美中双方同意派代表协商制裁事宜，这代表美国的努力有了进展，而非突破。
奥巴马和俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫(Dmitry Medvedev)上周在布拉格也做出了类似的保证。
由于俄罗斯不愿让这些制裁使伊朗人民受到惩罚，因此梅德韦杰夫的保证较为温和。相比之下，北京虽然保证与美国合作，但仍然希望通过外交手段解决这一问题。
无论如何，各国确保核原料安全的具体承诺很可能是美国在此次核安全峰会上取得的最大成果。
智利上周自告奋勇地说已交给美国少量的高浓缩铀，加拿大总理哈珀(Stephen Harper)周一称在2018年前将把"大量"已使用的高浓缩铀归还给美国的供应商。这些铀目前存储在加拿大的乔克里弗国家实验室(Chalk River National Laboratories)。
乌克兰的承诺份量更重一些，不仅因为其储铀量，而且因为这个前苏联国家构成的安全风险比加拿大和智利等国更大。
2006年，一名俄罗斯公民在格鲁吉亚被捕。他当时持有79.5克高浓缩铀，并声称有数千克可供出售。
Jonathan Weisman
（更新完成）
U.S. President Barack Obama and Chinese President Hu Jintao, meeting on the first day of a nuclear security summit, agreed to step up pressure on Iran for its nuclear program, the U.S. said, but the two nations appear divided on how to apply that pressure.
Just days before the Obama administration hopes to advance sanctions against Iran at the United Nations, the two presidents said they had instructed their governments to work together on potential sanctions designed to punish Tehran for its nuclear program.
'They're prepared to work with us,' said Jeffrey Bader, the National Security Council's chief China expert. 'The two presidents agreed that the two delegations should work on a sanctions resolution in New York, and that's what we're doing.'
But China, Iran's biggest energy consumer, remains reluctant. Ma Zhaoxu, a spokesman for the Chinese delegation at the summit, stressed diplomacy over punishment. 'China hopes that various parties will continue to step up diplomatic efforts and actively seek effective ways to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue through dialogue and negotiations,' Mr. Ma said.
He didn't mention sanctions, but said Beijing would 'maintain consultation and coordination' with the group negotiating them, the five permanent members of the U. N. Security Council plus Germany, 'in the United Nations and through other channels.'
The fourth meeting of the two leaders came at a particularly sensitive time. Forty-seven heads of state have converged for the first summit of its kind, dedicated to securing nuclear weapons and materials before they get into the hands of rogue states or terrorists. The White House announced Monday what it terms a 'landmark decision,' an agreement by Ukraine to get rid of a stockpile of at least 200 pounds of highly enriched uranium, enough to construct several nuclear weapons.
That uranium will be shipped to more secure locations, likely in Russia and the U.S., before the next nuclear security summit in 2012, much of it this year, White House spokesman Robert Gibbs said.
John Brennan, the White House's counterterrorism chief, spoke of 'indisputable evidence that dozens of terrorist groups have actively sought some type of weapon of mass effect.'
A nuclear weapon, he added, is 'the ultimate and most prized goal.'
Beneath those pronouncements, Iran remained a subtext.
Just days before the Obama administration hopes to advance sanctions against Iran at the United Nations, the two presidents said they had instructed their governments to work together on potential sanctions designed to punish Tehran for its nuclear program.
'They're prepared to work with us,' said Jeffrey Bader, the National Security Council's chief China expert. 'The two presidents agreed that the two delegations should work on a sanctions resolution in New York, and that's what we're doing.'
But China, Iran's biggest energy consumer, remains reluctant. Ma Zhaoxu, a spokesman for the Chinese delegation at the summit, stressed diplomacy over punishment. 'China hopes that various parties will continue to step up diplomatic efforts and actively seek effective ways to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue through dialogue and negotiations,' Mr. Ma said.
He didn't mention sanctions, but said Beijing would 'maintain consultation and coordination' with the group negotiating them, the five permanent members of the U. N. Security Council plus Germany, 'in the United Nations and through other channels.'
The fourth meeting of the two leaders came at a particularly sensitive time. Forty-seven heads of state have converged for the first summit of its kind, dedicated to securing nuclear weapons and materials before they get into the hands of rogue states or terrorists. The White House announced Monday what it terms a 'landmark decision,' an agreement by Ukraine to get rid of a stockpile of at least 200 pounds of highly enriched uranium, enough to construct several nuclear weapons.
That uranium will be shipped to more secure locations, likely in Russia and the U.S., before the next nuclear security summit in 2012, much of it this year, White House spokesman Robert Gibbs said.
John Brennan, the White House's counterterrorism chief, spoke of 'indisputable evidence that dozens of terrorist groups have actively sought some type of weapon of mass effect.'
A nuclear weapon, he added, is 'the ultimate and most prized goal.'
Beneath those pronouncements, Iran remained a subtext.
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