印度外包公司表示，美国大学培养的工程师太少，不能满足行业的需要，让企业没有选择，只能雇佣外国的熟练技术工人填补美国的职位空缺。
在美国上市的印度外包集团Cognizant Technology Solutions表示，该公司在美国有57名员工专职招聘本地工程师，但公司仍被迫以工作签证形式输入印度工程师。
"如果你审视我们所从事的事业的本质——技术工作的话，美国如今就是没有人才基础，" Cognizant总裁兼首席执行官弗朗西斯科•德苏佐(Francisco d'Souza)表示。"尽管如今美国的失业率很高，但IT失业率仍很低。"
美国上月通过了一项边境安全法，该法的部分资金支持将来自针对IT工作者的签证收费翻倍。印度外包公司受到此举的影响将最大。
印度外包公司通常在美国保持一小部分员工与客户密切合作，而由大量员工在印度的开发中心提供支持。
但这一保护主义举动可能没多大影响。支持该法案的一位参议员将印度外包公司描述成"地下拆车场"，指那种分拆并出售被盗汽车的修车厂。
咨询公司Gartner的帕萨•伊延格(Partha Iyengar)表示，约70%的美国博士生是在海外出生的，他们经常在美国受雇，进入硅谷或政府机构，如美国太空总署(NASA)。
"对于美国，更大的挑战是，如果在较低端开始失去人才，那么推动经济的创新引擎就开始枯竭，"伊延格表示。
据国家教育统计中心(National Center for Education Statistics)数据显示，2007-08学年，印度大学本科课程每年产生60万名工程师，相比之下，美国为8.4万名。
德苏佐表示，在Cognizant的8.87万名全体工人中，约20%在美国工作，其中逾一半以上是印度人或正在成为永久居民过程中的外籍人士。
印度第二大IT公司Infosys Technologies的首席执行官S•葛巴拉克利希南(S. Gopalakrishnan)表示，集团在美国有1万名员工，只有1600人是美国人或美国永久居民。该公司在美国每年需要雇佣1000人，但面临人才短缺。"那是一场争夺，"他表示。
译者/李裕
http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001034427
US universities are producing too few engineers to meet industry demand, Indian outsourcing companies say, leaving such businesses little choice but to hire foreign skilled workers to fill jobs in America.
Cognizant Technology Solutions, the US-listed Indian outsourcing group, says it has 57 recruitment staff in the US permanently looking for engineers locally but is still being forced to import Indians on work visas.
"If you look at the core of what we do, the technology work, the US simply doesn't have the talent base today," said Francisco d'Souza, Cognizant president and chief executive. "Although unemployment in the US today is high, IT unemployment is still very low."
The US last month passed a border security law that will be partly funded by doubling the cost of visas for IT workers, a move that will mostly affect Indian outsourcing companies.
Indian outsourcing companies usually keep a small portion of their workforce in the US to work closely with clients, supported by the bulk of their staff in development centres in India.
But the protectionism move – a senator who sponsored the legislation described Indian outsourcing companies as "chop shops", a reference to garages that dismantle and sell stolen cars – may have little impact.
About 70 per cent of US PhD students are foreign born and are often hired in the US, making their way into Silicon Valley or government agencies such as Nasa, said Partha Iyengar, of Gartner, the consultancy.
"The bigger challenge for the US is, if they start to lose this talent at the lower end, the innovation engine that has been driving the economy starts to dry up," Mr Iyengar said.
India's undergraduate university courses produce about 600,000 engineers a year compared with about 84,000 in the US in the 2007-08 academic year, according to the National Center for Education Statistics.
Mr d'Souza says about 20 per cent of Cognizant's workforce of 88,700 people work in the US and of those more than half are Indians or foreign nationals in the process of becoming permanent residents.
S. Gopalakrishnan, chief executive of Infosys Technologies, India's second-largest IT company, said the group had 10,000 staff in the US but only 1,600 were nationals or permanent residents. The company wanted to hire 1,000 people a year in the US but faced a scarcity of talent. "It is a struggle," he said.
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