富士康(Foxconn)正准备将一部分苹果(Apple)装置的生产从深圳转移到华北和华中。目前苹果更愿意与自己长期中国制造中心以外的工厂打交道。
此举旨在遏制成本。此前在发生一系列工人自杀和劳资纠纷扩大后，台资公司富士康的大部分员工得到了大幅加薪。
作为全球最大的电子产品代工制造商，富士康在中国南方的所谓"世界工厂"置身于各种趋势的最前沿。
苹果是富士康的最大客户。
富士康的任何举动，都将增加全球科技产品生产逐渐分散化的势头，此前这些产品的生产集中在华南和上海附近的少数几个地点。
据接近两家公司就明年订单举行的年度谈判的高管表示，富士康要求转嫁部分提高的劳动力成本，未能得到苹果的积极响应。
"但苹果现在更愿意使用一些新的地点，"一名高管表示。
富士康和苹果均拒绝置评。
富士康向苹果提议了两个生产地点：一是华北的天津，该公司在那里已经有一家工厂；二是华中的河南省，这是中国人口最多的省份，地方政府正出台各种招商激励措施。
富士康及其在台湾上市的旗舰公司鸿海(Hon Hai)为苹果制造大量iPod媒体播放器、iPhone手机和iPad平板电脑。
与其它品牌电子企业相比，苹果的制造合作伙伴相对较少，通过支付溢价获得密切合作。
这种关系使这家美国公司对富士康的运营具有超出比例的影响。
分析师们估计，富士康在中国的80万名工人中，有逾10万人从事苹果产品的制造。
苹果还与台湾的广达电脑(Quanta Computer)在上海和苏州的工厂合作，那里的薪资涨速也超过了中国其它地方。
2008年金融危机冲击出口订单时，富士康停止了在深圳的招聘，并表示将利用危机，将产能转移至成本更低的地点。
但是，在富士康在深圳龙华的主要工厂，员工人数在2008年末降至20万后，目前已回升至大约30万，原因是在去年需求复苏、产量需要提高之际，苹果不愿使用新工厂。
由于第三季度对iPad平板电脑的需求，深圳工厂的员工人数预期将进一步上升。
译者/和风
http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001033301
Foxconn is preparing to shift part of its production of Apple gadgets from Shenzhen to north and central China, amid a greater willingness from the US company to work with factories away from its long-time Chinese hub.
The move, aimed at containing costs, follows drastic wage hikes for large parts of the workforce of the Taiwanese-owned company, after a string of worker suicides and widening labour unrest.
As the world's largest electronics contract manufacturer, Foxconn is at the forefront of trends in southern China's so-called "workshop of the world."
Apple is Foxconn's biggest customer.
Any move by Foxconn will add to momentum to the gradual diversification of global technology production away from a handful of locations in southern China and around Shanghai.
Executives close to the annual negotiations between the two companies over next year's orders said Foxconn's demands to pass on some higher labour costs had not been met favourably by Apple.
"But Apple is more ready now to use some of the new locations," one executive said.
Foxconn and Apple declined to comment.
Foxconn has proposed two production sites to Apple: Tianjin in the north, where the company already has a plant, and central Henan, China's most populous province, where local governments are offering incentives to attract business.
Foxconn and its flagship Taiwan-listed company, Hon Hai, makes many of Apple's iPods, iPhones and iPads.
Apple works with fewer manufacturing partners than other branded electronic companies, paying a premium for close cooperation.
This relationship has given the US company disproportionate influence on Foxconn's operations.
Analysts estimate that more than 100,000 of Foxconn's 800,000 workers in China are working on Apple products.
Apple also works with Taiwan's Quanta Computer at plants in Shanghai and Suzhou, where labour costs are outpacing the rest of the country too.
When the financial crisis hit export orders in 2008, Foxconn stopped hiring in Shenzhen and said it would use the crisis to shift capacity to cheaper locations.
But the headcount at Foxconn's main Shenzhen factory in Longhua is now back up at about 300,000 after dropping to 200,000 in late 2008, because of Apple's reluctance to use new factories when production needed to be ramped up last year as demand returned.
The headcount in Shenzhen is expected to rise further because of demand for the iPad in the third quarter.
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